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| Species | Kiln Schedule | Approximate drying time for 25 mm thick timber (days) | Drying characteristics/Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bintangor (Calophyllum retusum) |
A | 8 | Dries moderately fast without much degrade. Slight warping and end-checking may occur. |
| Chengal (Neobalanocarpus heimii) |
B | 30 | Very slow drying and extremely prone to surface-checking. Radial boards tend to dry much slower than tangential boards. The timber should be air-dried to below 30 percent moisture content before kilning. Air-drying should be under cover and away from the sun. Boards should be end-coated. |
| Geronggang (Cratoxylon arborescens) |
E | - | The timber has not been tested yet but reported to dry well on this schedule. |
| Gerutu (Parashorea lucida) |
C | 14 | Slow drying and very prone to surface checking. Prone to warping especially if stacking is poor. To prevent warping in top layers, weighting should be used. Suggest proper air-drying under cover to about 30 percent moisture content before kiln-drying. |
| Jelutong (Dyera costulata) |
H | 6 | Dries fast without degrade but very prone to mould, blue stain and insect attack. Attack may occur a few hours after sawing. If not chemically treated after sawing, timber should be subjected to high humidity and temperature treatment in the kiln. |
| Kapur (Dryobalanops aromatica) |
E | 14 | Slow drying and tendency to warp and end-split. Boards should be end-coated and stacking should be carefully carried out. |
| Kedondong (Canarium spp.) |
6 | The species tested dried very well without degrade but prone to mould and blue stain attack. High humidity and temperature treatments should be carried out to prevent attack. | |
| Kelat (Eugenia spp.) |
C | 9 | End-splitting and cupping are likely to be experienced. A mild schedule is tentatively suggested for this species. |
| Kekatong (Cynometra spp.) |
B | 8 | For a heavy hardwood, the timber dries very fast but is prone to surface-checking and end-splitting. Use end-coating. |
| Kembang Semangkok (Scaphium macropodum) |
H | 5 | Dries very well without any seasoning degrade but is prone to mould and blue stain attack. May require high humidity and temperature treatment. |
| Kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) |
E | 8 | Degrade was mainly in the form of spring, but surface-checking and end-splitting may be experienced in thicker material. Splitting may occur along streaks of included phloem. The latter is best avoided in material for kiln-drying. |
| Keranji (Dialium spp.) |
E | 10 | The timber is somewhat prone to surface-checking and end-splitting. The schedule is to be regarded as tentative. |
| Keruing (Dipterocarpus spp.) |
D | - | Only two species have been tested in the Keruing group. Keruing belimbing (Dipterocarpus grandiflorus) is a very resinous timber and took about 15 days to kiln dry. The species is prone to cupping and bowing though surface-checking and end-splitting was negligible. Keruing gombang (D. cornutus) on the other hand showed considerable less warping and dried in about 7 days using the same schedule. From air-drying tests, however, indications are that most Keruing are prone to end-splitting and surface-checking. Care should be exercised if various species of Keruing are mixed in a charge. Resin exudation can be reduced, if desired, by using rather low dry-bulb temperatures. |
| Mata Ulat (Kokoona spp.) |
C | 10 | Timber is prone to surface-checking and suffers from long surface splits. Timber has not been tested fully and the schedule should be regarded as tentative. |
| Melantai (Shorea macroptera) |
H | 6 | Timber dries very fast without degrade. |
| Mempisang (Mezzetia leptopoda) |
H | 7 | Timber dries very well without degrade but is prone to blue stain and insect attack. High temperature and humidity treatment may be necessary. |
| Mengkulang (Heritiera simplicifolia) |
D | 7 | Dries fast without much degrade though unweighted boards on top rows tend to warp. |
| Meranti Bakau (Shorea rugosa) |
H | 7 | Timber dries fast without degrade. |
| Meranti, Dark Red (Shorea spp.) |
F | 7 | Timber dries well without degrade. |
| Meranti, Light Red (Shorea spp.) |
F | 6 | Timber dries well without degrade. |
| Meranti, White (Shorea spp.) |
J | 5 | Two species of White Meranti have been tested. They are Meranti jerit (Shorea sericeifolia) and Meranti temak (S.talura). Both dried very satisfactorily without any form of degrade. |
| Meranti, Yellow (Shorea spp.) |
J | - | No kiln-drying tests have yet been conducted on this species but the timber has been reported to dry well on this schedule. |
| Merawan (Hopea spp.) |
H | 5 | One species of Merawan tested dried very satisfactorily without degrade. |
| Mersawa (Anisoptera laevis) |
E | 16 | The species tested dried rather slowly but tended to retain a high moisture content in the core. Degrade was, however, negligible. |
| Nyatoh (Palaquium spp.) |
E | 16 | One species tested showed some warping but this was mostly due to knots and cross-grain. Another species, Taban Merah (Palaquium qutta) dried in only 7 days with a tendency to warp - surface-checking and end-splitting being negligibie. [Note: The heavier Nyatoh Batu should not be confused with Nyatoh and cannot be dried on this schedule.] |
| Pulai (Alstonia spp.) |
J | 5 | Dries fast but prone to stain, mould and insect attack. Should be chemically treated after sawing or subjected to high temperature and humidity treatment in the kiln to prevent attack. |
| Punah (Tetramerista glabra) |
C | 7 | Dries fast without much degrade but thick section are prone to surface-checking and end-splitting. The species is also prone to blue stain and insect attack. Boards should be end-coated and the timber charge subjected to high temperature and humidity treatment to prevent attack. |
| Ramin (Gonystylus bancanus) |
C or B | 7 | Timber in thicknesses of more than 38mm. is extremely prone to surface-checking and end-splitting. For thicknesses more than 38mm. the milder schedule B is suggested with the usual adjustment for relative humidity depending on the actual thickness. |
| Rubberwood (Hevea braziliensis) |
E | 6 | Timber is extremely prone to bowing and springing. The warping is
dependent on the method of sawing. Boards sawn through and through
suffered the most degrade. Boards containing the pith invariably split
badly even before drying is started. Hence boards with included pith are
best rejected. Timber is also prone to blue stain and insect attack.
nother point to note is that during kiln-drying the wood produces acetic acid vapour which is corrosive to the iron components in the kiln. Several charges in a row may cause extensive damage. Kilns where all possible parts have been changed to aluminium are being successfully used to dry this timber. |
| Sepetir (Sindora spp.) |
G | 7 | The timber dries fast but has a marked tendency to warp if boards contain dark streaks. Careful stacking, closer spacing of stickers (30cm apart) and placing heavy weights on top of stack will reduce warp. Air-drying to lower moisture contents before kilning may also help. (It may be advisable to dry 'streaky' Sepetir on Schedule D). |
| Sesendok (Endospermum malaccensis) |
J | 5 | Dries fast without degrade. Prone to blue stain and insect attack. Timber should be chemically treated or given high temperature and humidity treatment in the kiln after charging. |
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 MTC’s
Trade Fair Participation Programme Year
2004
Enquiries/Questions: Malaysian Government Ban On The Importation Of Logs From Indonesia - 25 June 2002 Malaysian Government Ban On The Importation Of Squared Logs(Large Scantlings and Squares) From Indonesia - 1 June 2003 |
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| Indonesian Timber
Passing Through Malaysia's Free Trade Zone (FTZ)
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 Listing
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