1. Incorrect design of heating system eg: Insufficient heating surface, heating pipes of different lengths leading to one steam trap 
2. Heating pipes water-logged by: Strainer(s) being blocked with dirt. Steam traps failing to eject condensate. Note: outlet pipes will be cold. 
3. Steam in heating pipes at low pressure: Steam trap letting live steam pass. Note: often a result of dirt between steam trap valve and seating. 
4. Steam supply insufficient or too low in pressure
5. Lack of air circulation eg: Owing to power failure
6. Serious air leaks eg: Badly fitted doors

1. Burner lock-out caused by:

Lack of fuel
Jets require cleaning and/or adjustment
Photo-electric cell requires cleaning
Control box malfunction 
2. Loss of electric power
3. Failure of main air circulation fan
4. Serious air leaks eg: Badly fitted doors

1. Vents opened unnecessarily or too widely
2. Insufficient steam spray

Note: Either higher pressure steam, more holes in pipes, or a second spray pipe required

1. Incorrectly opening vents
2. If disc humidifiers fitted:

Disc humidifier motor failure
Water starvation (possibly caused by control valve failure) 
3. If steam evaporator fitted:

Steam evaporator plant failure
Control valve failure

1. Heating pipe valve leaking steam when closed
2. An adjacent kiln running at a much higher temperature

1. Vents not opened sufficiently or too small
2. Valve to steam spray leaking steam when closed (detected by turning off fans and listening) 
3. Leak in heating pipe detected by turning off fans and spray and listening
4. False reading caused by drying or partial drying of wet bulb covering

1. Vents not open sufficiently, or of inadequate design
2. Controlling valve on feed to humidifier or on feed from steam evaporator failing to close satisfactorily
3. False reading caused by drying or partial drying of wet bulb covering

1. Local overheating caused by clustering of feed pipes inside the kiln (this can often be cured by lagging the feed pipes), or to adjacent boiler room or warm operating room at end opposite doors 
2. Partial waterlogging of the pipes
3. Leak in a heating pipe
4. Some holes in spray pipe blocked 
5. Uneven air circulation caused by:

Fan loose on shaft
Drive belt(s) off or slipping 
6. Excessive heat loss through large doors
7. Cold air entering through badly fitted doors
8. Poorly built load

1. Malfunction of humidification equipment
2. Faults similar to 5,6,7 and 8 in left hand column

1. Condensation dripping from kiln ceiling (to reduce problem, improve roofinsulation) or from vents (where fitted, the false ceiling should be made watertight and its drainage facilitated) 
2. Leak in steam pipe
3. Badly placed or insufficiently drained steam spray pipe

1. Malfunction of water atomizing equipment
2. As items 1 and 3 in left hand column

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