Moulding: Defined, Types & Usage
WHAT IS A MOULDING?
The term moulding is generally used to describe sawn timber that has been
dressed or planed on all four sides. Moulding commonly involves adding profile
to at least one side of a piece of timber. In trade however, pieces that do not
have any profile, but have been planed on all four sides (S4S) are also
classified as mouldings.
Common Types Of Moulding And Their Usage:
 Astragal, Flat
Attached to one of a pair of doors to keep the other
from swinging through the opening. It is also used for decorative purposes.
Astragal, T
An astragal, T-like in shape, which is rabbeted to
the approximate thickness of the swinging door.
Back Bands
A rabbeted moulding used to surround the outside edge of
casing.
Base Caps
A decorative member installed flush against wall and the
top of an S4S Baseboard. Also a versatile Panel Moulding.
Base Mouldings
Applied where floor and walls meet, forming a visual
foundation. Protects wall from kicks, bumps, furniture, etc. Base may be
referred to as One, Two or
Three-Member. Base Shoe and Base Cap are used to conceal
uneven floor and wall junctions.
Base Shoes
Applied where Base Moulding meets floor. Protects Base from damage. Conceal
uneven lines or cracks where base meets floor.
Battens
A symmetrical pattern used to conceal the line where
two parallel boards or panels meet.
Bed Mouldings
Used where walls and ceiling meet. Either sprung or plain.
Brick Mouldings
Used as an exterior door and window casing. A thick
moulding provides a surface for brick or other siding to butt against.
Casing
Used to trim inside and outside door and window
openings.
Chair rails
Interior Moulding applied about one third up from the floor, paralleling
Base Moulding and encircling the room. Originally used to prevent chairs
from marring walls. Used today as a key decorative detail in traditional and
colonial design.
Chamfer Strips
Used in highway and dam construction forms, making a chamfered edge at
concrete corners. Also used where kitchen cabinet tops meet the wall. Also
used as a linoleum cove (under linoleum where it extends up to the wall).
Corner Guards
Outside (OS) Corner Guard is used to protect corners or to cover ragged edge
where wall covering and painted surfaces meet at outside corner.
Cove Mouldings
Concave profile. Used at corners, particularly as ceiling cornice. Small coves
may be used as an Inside Corner Guard.
Crown Mouldings
Crown Mouldings are used where walls and ceiling meet. It is also used to
cover large angles. Always sprung.
Drip Caps
Applied over exterior window and door frames. Keeps water from seeping under
the siding. Also directs water away from window glass.
Glass Beads
Glass Beads are used to hold glass beads in place. Other names includes Glass
Stop, Cove and Bead, Putty Bead, Glazing Bead and Staff Bead.
Half Rounds
May be used as a Screen Moulding or Bead Shelf Edge or Panel Moulding.
Hand Rails
Used as a hand support in a stairwell.
Inside Corner
Joins two walls at inside corner. Solves the problem of uneven joints where
butted panels, wall paper, painted or constrasting surfaces meet. Gives
corners a decorative finished look.
Lattice
Originally used in terllis work. This small, plain S4S Moulding is the most
versatile of all profiles.
Mullion Casing
The strip which is applied over window jamb edges in a multiple opening
windaow. It is sometimes calle a Panel Strip. Mullion Casing is also used for
decorative wall treatments.
Panel Mouldings
Originally used to trim out raised panel wall construction. It is now used to
frame attractive wall coverings for a panel effect.
Picture Mouldings
It is used to support hooks for picture hanging. Applied around a room
circumference near the ceiling line.
Ply Cap Mouldings
Trims out the upper edge or top of a wainscot.Covers plywood's rough sandwich
edge in installations where it's exposed to view. It is also called a Dado
Cap.
Quarter Rounds
May be used as a Base Shoe, Inside Corner Moulding or cover any 90º recessed
juncture.
Rounds
Rounds are often used as a closet pole or room divider.
S4S Stock
Used in cabinets, framing for shelves or other utilitarian uses. It is also
used as a baluster for supporting stair handrails.
Shelf Cleat
Commonly used in closets, cabinets and bookcases to support the shelves. It is
known as Shelf Strip.
Shelf Edge
Covers seam where screening is fastened to the screen frame. Also covers
particle or flake board shelf edges.
Shingles Mouldings
May be used in ways similar to Panel Moulding. It is originally used on a rake
of a building or around exterior window frames.
Stools
A moulded interior trim member serving as a sash or window frame still cap.
Stools may be "beveled-rabbated" or "rabbated" to receive
the window-frame sill or "non-rabbated". Stools include a tongue to
fit in the groove of a window frame still.
Stops
In a door trim, stop is nailed to the faces of the door frame to prevent the
door from swinging through. As a window trim, stop holds the bottom sash of a
double-hung window in place. Also used as an apron under window stools.
Squares
Same basic used as S4S Stock.
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